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Biological and social predictors and correlates of human morality
Kopecký, Robin
In this dissertation, we delve into the multifaceted domains of biological and social factors influencing human morality. The connecting element of this collection of four studies is both an interest in human morality as a traditional philosophical topic and the use of methods from empirical sciences, particularly biology, behavioural, and cognitive sciences. The first study focuses on the moral algorithms in autonomous vehicles. We examined moral preferences regarding the choice between software types that differ in their built-in algorithms for dealing with lethal collisions. These are categorized into three specific types: selfish, altruistic, and conservative. Respondents exhibited a preference for the altruistic strategy, which is reinforced when signalled to others. The altruistic preference is the most pronounced when it applies to everybody else, weaker when it reflects only a personal choice, and the weakest when choosing for one's own child. We conclude that making a choice public significantly sways individuals towards a more socially beneficial solution. The second study investigates the relationship between parasite Toxoplasma gondii infection and its subsequent impact on human political beliefs and values. Infected participants exhibited a tendency towards heightened tribalism and...
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Management of Personal Development
Křenková, Vendula ; Škodová, Eva (referee) ; Franková, Emilie (advisor)
The master thesis Management of personal development deals not only with a theoretical picture about the issue of management of personal development in general perspective but also with a practical insight into the investigated company CNC KOVO s.r.o. focusing on workers, production masters and last but not least the company's executives. The theoretical part features some of the basic concepts of the monitored areas, especially time management, stress management and personality analysis of manager. Acquired knowledge is further applied to the practical part of the thesis, and results in recommendations for enhancing the personal development of employees as well as the company's entire business.
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Kompatibilita zlepšování ukazatelů wellbeingu
Dlabaja, Zdeněk
In this master's thesis, one of the most modern concepts for monitoring wellbeing in an economic context is introduced – the Better Life Index by the OECD. This composite index, comprising 11 topics, addresses both material aspects of quality of life and other non-material areas. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether such areas of quality of life examined by the OECD are mutually compatible. This issue is explored in the analytical part based on correlation within time series of indicators and among static indicators of the Better Life Index. The results of the analysis are subsequently discussed and contextualized with other sources and the opinions of other authors. In conclusion, the main findings, and implications of this work for the recipients of the Better Life Index are presented.
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Vnímání stresu u vedoucích zaměstnanců malých pracovních skupin
Babyrádová, Simona
Stress and its aspects are still a very often debated topic. The aim of my work was to answer the question: " How do managers perceive stress factors and their impact on work? " As a result of my study, I have divided stress and its factors into 4 categories and these are: identification of stressful situation, negatively perceived stress, positively perceived stress, coping with stressful situations and 11 groups on-for example: motivation, work productivity, good working conditions and others. It turned out that the perception of stress and stressful situations is very different among my respondents, and it depends very much on the situation and the current mindset. My research further revealed that work well-being has the greatest influence on stress and its aspects. That is why I chose work wellbeing as one of my recommendations. To make my subsequent recommendation more insightful, I have created a home office budget, which is for my personal point of view an accurate option is a good option for alleviating stress in middle managers at company XY, promoting better work wellbeing and also an economically viable option for the company. A happy and well-motivated worker is also more likely to be more productive.
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Evaluation of the level of well-being in selected university students and mindset in relation to academic results
Koldová, Petra
This diploma thesis focuses on the level of well-being of selected university students and their mindset in relation to school results. The theoretical part is focused on explaining the key concept of well-being and its possible measurement methods. The next big chapter consists of mindset, its brief characteristics and the possibilities of its division. At the end of the theoretical part, there is a chapter focused on the mindset of university students, the content of which is supported by many foreign studies. The practical part elaborates the collected data from on a questionnaire survey, which was based on the set goals, i.e. the determination of the level of academic well-being among selected university students with the expanding goal of determining well-being from a short-term perspective. To find out student life satisfaction and try to confirm the relationship between mindset and school success. When comparing the data, it was found that the overall level of well-being among the university students interviewed was above average, i.e. 6.06, which is a positive result and well-being in the short term is also at a relatively high level, specifically the average value was 5.7. We can say that the selected students are mentally well, without major depression. In the long term, students are...
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Aspects of promoting well-being in primary school with focus on exceptionally gifted students
Boučková, Barbora ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Kadrnožková, Monika (referee)
This thesis focuses on the wellbeing of students in education. Specifically, it concerns pupils of two parallel classes attending a primary school with a specific organization of education for exceptionally gifted pupils. The aim of the paper is to capture the pupil`s subjective feelings in relation to aspects of the school environment that have been implemented to promote pupil`s wellbeing. The first part of the thesis includes a theoretical background that summarizes the knowledge on the issue of wellbeing. It focuses on the aspects that may influence wellbeing in education, taking into account the teaching of exceptionally gifted pupils. The second part of the thesis contains a description and results of the actual research investigation, which was conducted in two stages. The first stage of the research investigation used a quantitative method of data collection through a questionnaire, the respondents were pupils in two parallel classes at a selected primary school. Based on the analysis of the results of the first stage of the research survey, the basis for the questions for the second stage of the research survey was created. This was carried out using a qualitative method through interviews with pupil`s class teachers. The research investigation revealed that some of the measures that were...
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The influence of resilience social support and religiosity on the wellbeing of victims of domestic violence in Accra Ghana
Ahmed, Osman Abdul
ABSTRACT Domestic violence and abuse continue to be an issue of alarming concern for governments and nations across the globe because of the threats that it poses to victims psychologically and physically as well as the family, communities and the nation at large. Although many studies have been done on the subject, these studies focus mainly on the antecedents to abuse and its impact on the victims. Few studies have also focused on the punitive measures and the legal framework around which perpetrators of domestic violence are dealt with less focus on psychological, social and spiritual factors that can improve the wellbeing of victims. It is against this background that this study was conducted to examine the influence of resilience, social support and religiosity on the wellbeing of victims of domestic violence in Accra, Ghana. Using the biopsychosocial and spiritual theory of illness and wellbeing, a cross sectional survey was conducted by purposively sampling 100 victims of domestic violence and abuse (M= 28.57; SD= 5.55) within the period of September and October, 2021. The respondents filled questionnaires that examined resilience, social support, religiosity and psychological wellbeing. Results indicated that resilience (r = -.52, p < .001) has a significant negative relationship with wellbeing while social support (r =.48, p > .001) and religiosity (r = .53, p < .001) has a significant positive relationship with wellbeing. Both social support and religiosity predicted wellbeing in the victims of domestic violence accounting for forty-five percent of the variance in wellbeing scores of the victims (p<0.001, Adj. R2=0.45). It is discussed that psychological support be provided for victims and this support should focus on resiliency training, family and community support and spiritual and religious mindfulness. Limitations of this study are also discussed with recommendations to chart the path for future studies.
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Biological and social predictors and correlates of human morality
Kopecký, Robin ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Špinka, Marek (referee) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
In this dissertation, we delve into the multifaceted domains of biological and social factors influencing human morality. The connecting element of this collection of four studies is both an interest in human morality as a traditional philosophical topic and the use of methods from empirical sciences, particularly biology, behavioural, and cognitive sciences. The first study focuses on the moral algorithms in autonomous vehicles. We examined moral preferences regarding the choice between software types that differ in their built-in algorithms for dealing with lethal collisions. These are categorized into three specific types: selfish, altruistic, and conservative. Respondents exhibited a preference for the altruistic strategy, which is reinforced when signalled to others. The altruistic preference is the most pronounced when it applies to everybody else, weaker when it reflects only a personal choice, and the weakest when choosing for one's own child. We conclude that making a choice public significantly sways individuals towards a more socially beneficial solution. The second study investigates the relationship between parasite Toxoplasma gondii infection and its subsequent impact on human political beliefs and values. Infected participants exhibited a tendency towards heightened tribalism and...
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Supporting the wellbeing of pupils with special educational needs at the upper primary school
Kutnarová, Františka ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Felcmanová, Lenka (referee)
The bachelor's thesis entitled "Supporting the wellbeing of pupils with special educational needs at the lower secondary school" addresses the issue of wellbeing among students with special educational needs in the lower secondary stage of elementary schools, with a focus on social and emotional aspects. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the concept of wellbeing, its factors, and its impact on overall quality of life. It further examines the classroom climate as an environment that influences students' wellbeing. The role of the class teacher in supporting the wellbeing of students with special educational needs is also described, with emphasis on the specificities of working with these students and supporting their individual needs. The research results will provide a comprehensive understanding of the work of class teachers and their efforts to create a supportive environment for the wellbeing of students with special educational needs, as well as the entire class community. The findings can be used to formulate recommendations for class teachers, educational institutions, and other relevant stakeholders to better support the social and emotional aspects of wellbeing among students with special educational needs in the lower secondary stage of elementary schools. The outputs should be...
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